Scholars generally agree that Augustine and his family were Berbers, an ethnic group indigenous to North Africa, but were heavily Romanized, speaking only Latin at home as a matter of pride and dignity. He had a brother named Navigius and a sister whose name is lost but is conventionally remembered as Perpetua. His mother, Monica or Monnica, was a devout Christian his father Patricius was a pagan who converted to Christianity on his deathbed. Childhood and education Saint Augustine Taken to School by Saint Monica, by Niccolò di Pietro, 1413–15Īugustine was born in 354 in the municipium of Thagaste (now Souk Ahras, Algeria) in the Roman province of Numidia. Hippo Regius, where Augustine was the bishop, was in modern-day Annaba, Algeria. The historian Diarmaid MacCulloch has written: "Augustine's impact on Western Christian thought can hardly be overstated only his beloved example, Paul of Tarsus, has been more influential, and Westerners have generally seen Paul through Augustine's eyes." Life BackgroundĪugustine of Hippo, also known as Saint Augustine or Saint Austin, is known by various cognomens throughout the many denominations of the Christian world, including Blessed Augustine and the Doctor of Grace ( Latin: Doctor gratiae). In the Greek and Russian Orthodox Churches, his feast day is celebrated on 15 June. Though considered to be mistaken on some points, he is still considered a saint and has influenced some Eastern Church Fathers, most notably Gregory Palamas. Other disputed teachings include his views on original sin, the doctrine of grace, and predestination. The most controversial doctrine associated with him, the filioque, was rejected by the Eastern Orthodox Church. In the East, his teachings are more disputed, and were notably attacked by John Romanides, but other theologians and figures of the Eastern Orthodox Church have shown significant approbation of his writings, chiefly Georges Florovsky. From 1505 to 1521, Luther was a member of the Order of the Augustinian Eremites. Protestant Reformers generally, and Martin Luther in particular, held Augustine in preeminence among early Church Fathers. Many Protestants, especially Calvinists and Lutherans, consider him one of the theological fathers of the Protestant Reformation due to his teachings on salvation and divine grace. His thoughts profoundly influenced the medieval worldview. Augustine is the patron saint of brewers, printers, theologians, and a number of cities and dioceses. His memorial is celebrated on 28 August, the day of his death. He is also a preeminent Catholic Doctor of the Church and the patron of the Augustinians. The segment of the Church that adhered to the concept of the Trinity as defined by the Council of Nicaea and the Council of Constantinople closely identified with Augustine's On the Trinity.Īugustine is recognized as a saint in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Churches and the Anglican Communion. When the Western Roman Empire began to disintegrate, Augustine imagined the Church as a spiritual City of God, distinct from the material Earthly City. Believing the grace of Christ was indispensable to human freedom, he helped formulate the doctrine of original sin and made significant contributions to the development of just war theory. After his conversion to Christianity and baptism in 386, Augustine developed his own approach to philosophy and theology, accommodating a variety of methods and perspectives. In his youth he was drawn to the eclectic Manichaean faith, and later to the Hellenistic philosophy of Neoplatonism.
His many important works include The City of God, On Christian Doctrine, and Confessions.Īccording to his contemporary, Jerome, Augustine "established anew the ancient Faith". His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Western Christianity, and he is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church in the Patristic Period. Augustine of Hippo ( / ɔː ˈ ɡ ʌ s t ɪ n/ aw- GUST-in, US also / ˈ ɔː ɡ ə s t iː n/ AW-gə-steen Latin: Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa.
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